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Contents

List of Examples

List of Figures

List of Tables

Title and Copyright Information

Preface

• Audience
• Documentation Accessibility
• Related Documents
• Conventions

Changes in This Release for Oracle Database Vault Administrator's Guide

• Changes in Oracle Database Vault 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2)
• Changes in Oracle Database Vault 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.1)

1 Introducing Oracle Database Vault

• What Is Oracle Database Vault?
  • About Oracle Database Vault
  • Controls for Privileged Accounts
  • Controls for Database Configuration
  • Enterprise Applications Protection Policies
  • Run-time Privilege Analysis for Users and Applications
• What Privileges Do You Need to Use Oracle Database Vault?
• Components of Oracle Database Vault
  • Oracle Database Vault Access Control Components
  • Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control Database Vault Administrator Pages
  • Oracle Database Vault DVSYS and DVF Schemas
  • Oracle Database Vault PL/SQL Interfaces and Packages
  • Oracle Database Vault Reporting and Monitoring Tools
• How Oracle Database Vault Addresses Compliance Regulations
• How Oracle Database Vault Protects Privileged User Accounts
• How Oracle Database Vault Allows for Flexible Security Policies
• How Oracle Database Vault Addresses Database Consolidation Concerns
• How Oracle Database Vault Works in a Multitenant Environment

2 What to Expect After You Enable Oracle Database Vault

• Initialization and Password Parameter Settings That Change
• How Oracle Database Vault Restricts User Authorizations
• Using New Database Roles to Enforce Separation of Duties
• Privileges That Are Revoked from Existing Users and Roles
• Privileges That Are Prevented for Existing Users and Roles
• Modified AUDIT Statement Settings for a Non-Unified Audit Environment

3 Getting Started with Oracle Database Vault

• Registering Oracle Database Vault with an Oracle Database
  • About Registering Oracle Database Vault with an Oracle Database
  • Registering Oracle Database Vault in a Non-Multitenant Environment
  • Registering Oracle Database Vault with a Common User to Manage the CDB Root
  • Registering Database Vault Common Users to Manage Specific PDBs
  • Registering Oracle Database Vault Common Users to Manage All Database Vault PDBs
  • Plugging in a Database That Has Oracle Database Vault Enabled
  • Verifying That Oracle Database Vault Is Configured and Enabled
• Logging into Oracle Database Vault
• Quick Start Tutorial: Securing a Schema from DBA Access
  • About This Tutorial
  • Step 1: Log On as SYSTEM to Access the HR Schema
  • Step 2: Create a Realm
  • Step 3: Create the SEBASTIAN User Account
  • Step 4: Create an Authorization for the Realm
  • Step 5: Test the Realm
  • Step 6: If Unified Auditing Is Not Enabled, Then Run a Report
  • Step 7: Remove the Components for This Tutorial

4 Performing Privilege Analysis to Find Privilege Use

• What Is Privilege Analysis?
  • About Privilege Analysis
  • How Privilege Analysis Works with Pre-Compiled Database Objects
  • Who Can Perform Privilege Analysis?
  • Types of Privilege Analysis
  • Benefits and Use Cases of Privilege Analysis
    • Unnecessarily Granted Privileges of Applications
    • Development of Secure Applications
  • How Does a Multitenant Environment Affect Privilege Analysis?
• Creating and Managing Privilege Analysis Policies
  • About Creating and Managing Privilege Analysis Policies
  • General Steps for Managing Privilege Analysis
  • Creating a Privilege Analysis Policy
    • About Creating a Privilege Analysis Policy
    • Creating a Privilege Analysis Policy in Enterprise Manager Cloud Control
    • Creating a Privilege Analysis Policy Using DBMS_PRIVILEGE_CAPTURE
  • Examples of Privilege Analysis Policies
    • Example: Privilege Analysis of Database-Wide Privileges
    • Example: Privilege Analysis of Privilege Usage of Two Roles
    • Example: Privilege Analysis of Privileges During SQL*Plus Use
    • Example: Privilege Analysis of PSMITH Privileges During SQL*Plus Access
  • Enabling a Privilege Analysis Policy
    • About Enabling a Privilege Analysis Policy
    • Enabling a Privilege Analysis Policy Using Cloud Control
    • Enabling a Privilege Analysis Policy Using DBMS_PRIVILEGE_CAPTURE
  • Disabling a Privilege Analysis Policy
    • About Disabling a Privilege Analysis Policy
    • Disabling a Privilege Analysis Policy Using Cloud Control
    • Disabling a Privilege Analysis Policy Using DBMS_PRIVILEGE_CAPTURE
  • Generating a Privilege Analysis Report
    • About Generating a Privilege Analysis Report
    • Generating a Privilege Analysis Report Using Cloud Control
    • Accessing Privilege Analysis Reports Using Cloud Control
    • Generating a Privilege Analysis Report Using DBMS_PRIVILEGE_CAPTURE
  • Dropping a Privilege Analysis Policy
    • About Dropping a Privilege Analysis Policy
    • Dropping a Privilege Analysis Policy Using Cloud Control
    • Dropping a Privilege Analysis Policy Using the DBMS_PRIVILEGE_CAPTURE Package
• Creating Roles and Managing Privileges Using Cloud Control
  • Creating a Role from a Privilege Analysis Report in Cloud Control
  • Revoking and Regranting Roles and Privileges Using Cloud Control
  • Generating a Revoke or Regrant Script Using Cloud Control
    • About Generating Revoke and Regrant Scripts
    • Generating a Revoke Script
    • Generating a Regrant Script
• Tutorial: Analyzing ANY Privilege Use
  • Step 1: Create User Accounts
  • Step 2: Create and Enable a Privilege Analysis Policy
  • Step 3: Use the READ ANY TABLE System Privilege
  • Step 4: Disable the Privilege Analysis Policy
  • Step 5: Generate and View a Privilege Analysis Report
  • Step 6: Remove the Components for This Tutorial
• Tutorial: Analyzing Privilege Use by a User Who Has the DBA Role
  • Step 1: Create User Accounts
  • Step 2: Create and Enable a Privilege Analysis Policy
  • Step 3: Perform the Database Tuning Operations
  • Step 4: Disable the Privilege Analysis Policy
  • Step 5: Generate and View Privilege Analysis Reports
  • Step 6: Remove the Components for This Tutorial
• Privilege Analysis Policy and Report Data Dictionary Views

5 Configuring Realms

• What Are Realms?
  • About Realms
  • Using Mandatory Realms to Restrict User Access to Objects within a Realm
  • Object Types That Realms Can Protect
• Default Realms
  • Oracle Database Vault Realm
  • Database Vault Account Management Realm
  • Oracle Enterprise Manager Realm
  • Oracle Default Schema Protection Realm
  • Oracle System Privilege and Role Management Realm
  • Oracle Default Component Protection Realm
• Creating a Realm
• About Realm-Secured Objects
• About Realm Authorization
• Disabling and Enabling a Realm
• Deleting a Realm
• How Realms Work
• How Authorizations Work in a Realm
  • About Authorizations in a Realm
  • Examples of Creating Realms
    • Example: Unauthorized User Trying to Create a Table
    • Example: Unauthorized User Trying to Use the DELETE ANY TABLE Privilege
    • Example: Authorized User Performing DELETE Operation
• Access to Objects That Are Protected by a Realm
• Example of How Realms Work
• How Realms Affect Other Oracle Database Vault Components
• Guidelines for Designing Realms
• How Realms Affect Performance
• Related Reports and Data Dictionary Views

6 Configuring Rule Sets

• What Are Rule Sets?
• Default Rule Sets
• Creating a Rule Set
• Creating a Rule to Add to a Rule Set
  • About Creating Rules
  • Default Rules
  • Creating a New Rule
  • Adding Existing Rules to a Rule Set
  • Removing a Rule from a Rule Set
• Removing Rule Set References to Oracle Database Vault Components
• Deleting a Rule Set
• How Rule Sets Work
  • How Oracle Database Vault Evaluates Rules
  • Nested Rules within a Rule Set
  • Creating Rules to Apply to Everyone Except One User
• Tutorial: Creating an Email Alert for Security Violations
  • About This Tutorial
  • Step 1: Install and Configure the UTL_MAIL PL/SQL Package
  • Step 2: Create an Email Security Alert PL/SQL Procedure
  • Step 3: Configure an Access Control List File for Network Services
  • Step 4: Create a Rule Set and a Command Rule to Use the Email Security Alert
  • Step 5: Test the Email Security Alert
  • Step 6: Remove the Components for This Tutorial
• Tutorial: Configuring Two-Person Integrity, or Dual Key Security
  • About This Tutorial
  • Step 1: Create Users for This Tutorial
  • Step 2: Create a Function to Check if User patch_boss Is Logged In
  • Step 3: Create Rules, a Rule Set, and a Command Rule to Control the Users' Access
  • Step 4: Test the Users' Access
  • Step 5: Remove the Components for This Tutorial
• Guidelines for Designing Rule Sets
• How Rule Sets Affect Performance
• Related Reports and Data Dictionary Views

7 Configuring Command Rules

• What Are Command Rules?
  • About Command Rules
  • Using Command Rules in a Multitenant Environment
• Default Command Rules
• SQL Statements That Can Be Protected by Command Rules
• Creating or Editing a Command Rule
• Deleting a Command Rule
• How Command Rules Work
• Tutorial: Using a Command Rule to Control Table Creations by a User
  • Step 1: Connect as User SCOTT and Create a Table
  • Step 2: Connect Using the DVOWNER or DV_ADMIN Role and Create a Command Rule
  • Step 3: Test the Command Rule
  • Step 4: Remove the Components for this Tutorial
• Guidelines for Designing Command Rules
• How Command Rules Affect Performance
• Related Reports and Data Dictionary View

8 Configuring Factors

• What Are Factors?
• Default Factors
• Creating a Factor
  • Accessing the Create Factors Page
  • Completing the General Page for Factor Creation
  • Configurations Page for Factor Creation
    • Setting the Factor Identification Information
    • How Factor Identities Work
    • Setting the Evaluation Information for a Factor
    • Setting the Oracle Label Security Labeling Information for a Factor
    • Setting the Retrieval Method for a Factor
    • How Retrieval Methods Work
    • Setting the Validation Method for a Factor
  • Options Page of Factor Creation
    • Assigning a Rule Set to a Factor
    • Setting Error Options for a Factor
    • Setting Audit Options for a Factor
    • How Factor Auditing Works
• Adding an Identity to a Factor
  • About Factor Identities
  • About Trust Levels
  • About Label Identities
  • Creating and Configuring a Factor Identity
  • Deleting a Factor Identity
  • Using Identity Mapping to Configure an Identity to Use Other Factors
    • About Identity Mapping
    • Mapping an Identity to a Factor
• Deleting a Factor
• How Factors Work
  • How Factors Are Processed When a Session Is Established
  • How Factors Are Retrieved
  • How Factors Are Set
• Tutorial: Preventing Ad Hoc Tool Access to the Database
  • About This Tutorial
  • Step 1: Enable the HR and OE User Accounts
  • Step 2: Create the Factor
  • Step 3: Create the Rule Set and Rules
  • Step 4: Create the CONNECT Command Rule
  • Step 5: Test the Ad Hoc Tool Access Restriction
  • Step 6: Remove the Components for This Tutorial
• Tutorial: Restricting User Activities Based on Session Data
  • About This Tutorial
  • Step 1: Create an Administrative User
  • Step 2: Add Identities to the Domain Factor
  • Step 3: Map the Domain Factor Identities to the Client_IP Factor
  • Step 4: Create a Rule Set to Set the Hours and Select the Factor Identity
  • Step 5: Create a Command Rule That Uses the Rule Set
  • Step 6: Test the Factor Identity Settings
  • Step 7: Remove the Components for This Tutorial
• Guidelines for Designing Factors
• How Factors Affect Performance
• Related Reports and Data Dictionary Views

9 Configuring Secure Application Roles for Oracle Database Vault

• What Are Secure Application Roles in Oracle Database Vault?
• Creating Oracle Database Vault Secure Application Roles
• Modifying a Secure Application Role
• Securing an Oracle Database Vault Secure Application Role
• Deleting an Oracle Database Vault Secure Application Role
• How Oracle Database Vault Secure Application Roles Work
• Tutorial: Granting Access with Database Vault Secure Application Roles
  • About This Tutorial
  • Step 1: Create Users for This Tutorial
  • Step 2: Enable the OE User Account
  • Step 3: Create the Rule Set and Its Rules
  • Step 4: Create the Database Vault Secure Application Role
  • Step 5: Grant the SELECT Privilege to the Secure Application Role
  • Step 6: Test the Database Vault Secure Application Role
  • Step 7: Remove the Components for This Tutorial
• How Secure Application Roles Affect Performance
• Related Reports and Data Dictionary View

10 Integrating Oracle Database Vault with Other Oracle Products

• Integrating Oracle Database Vault with Enterprise User Security
  • About Integrating Oracle Database Vault with Enterprise User Security
  • Configuring an Enterprise User Authorization
• Configuring Oracle Database Vault Accounts as Enterprise User Accounts
• Integration of Oracle Database Vault with Transparent Data Encryption
• Attaching Factors to an Oracle Virtual Private Database
• Integrating Oracle Database Vault with Oracle Label Security
  • How Oracle Database Vault Is Integrated with Oracle Label Security
  • Requirements for Using Oracle Database Vault with Oracle Label Security
  • Using Oracle Database Vault Factors with Oracle Label Security Policies
    • About Using Oracle Database Vault Factors with Oracle Label Security Policies
    • Configuring Factors to Work with an Oracle Label Security Policy
  • Tutorial: Integrating Oracle Database Vault with Oracle Label Security
    • About This Tutorial
    • Step 1: Create Users for This Tutorial
    • Step 2: Create the Oracle Label Security Policy
    • Step 3: Create Oracle Database Vault Rules to Control the OLS Authorization
    • Step 4: Update the ALTER SYSTEM Command Rule to Use the Rule Set
    • Step 5: Test the Authorizations
    • Step 6: Remove the Components for This Tutorial
  • Related Reports and Data Dictionary Views
• Integrating Oracle Database Vault with Oracle Data Guard
  • Step 1: Configure the Primary Database
  • Step 2: Configure the Standby Database

11 DBA Operations in an Oracle Database Vault Environment

• Using Oracle Database Vault with Oracle Enterprise Manager
  • Propagating Oracle Database Vault Policies to Other Databases
  • Enterprise Manager Cloud Control Alerts for Oracle Database Vault Policies
  • Oracle Database Vault-Specific Reports in Enterprise Manager Cloud Control
  • Changing the DBSNMP Account Password in an Oracle Database Vault Environment
• Using Oracle Data Pump with Oracle Database Vault
  • About Using Oracle Data Pump with Oracle Database Vault
  • Authorizing Users for Oracle Data Pump Regular Export and Import Operations
    • About Authorizing Users for Oracle Data Pump Regular Operations
    • Levels of Database Vault Authorization for Oracle Data Pump Regular Operations
    • Authorizing Users for Oracle Data Pump Regular Operations in Database Vault
    • Revoking Oracle Data Pump Authorization from Users
  • Authorizing Users for Oracle Data Pump Transportable Export and Import Operations
    • About Authorizing Users for Oracle Data Pump Transportable Operations
    • Levels of Database Vault Authorization for Data Pump Transportable Operations
    • Authorizing Users for Data Pump Transportable Operations in Database Vault
    • Revoking Transportable Tablespace Authorization from Users
  • Guidelines for Exporting or Importing Data in an Oracle Database Vault Environment
• Using Oracle Scheduler with Oracle Database Vault
  • About Using Oracle Scheduler with Oracle Database Vault
  • Granting a Job Scheduling Administrator Authorization for Oracle Database Vault
  • Revoking Authorization from Job Scheduling Administrators
• Oracle Recovery Manager with Oracle Database Vault
• Privileges for Using Oracle Streams with Oracle Database Vault
• Privileges for Using XStream with Oracle Database Vault
• Privileges for Using Oracle GoldenGate in with Oracle Database Vault
• Using Data Masking in an Oracle Database Vault Environment
  • About Data Masking in an Oracle Database Vault Enabled Database
  • Adding Data Masking Users to the Data Dictionary Realm Authorizations
  • Giving Users Access to Tables or Schemas That They Want to Mask
  • Creating a Command Rule to Control Data Masking Privileges
• Plugging a Database Vault-Enabled PDB to a CDB
• Using the ORADEBUG Utility with Oracle Database Vault

12 Oracle Database Vault Schemas, Roles, and Accounts

• Oracle Database Vault Schemas
  • DVSYS Schema
  • DVF Schema
• Oracle Database Vault Roles
  • About Oracle Database Vault Roles
  • Privileges of Oracle Database Vault Roles
  • DV_OWNER Database Vault Owner Role
    • About the DV_OWNER Role
    • Privileges Associated with the DV_OWNER Role
    • How Are GRANT and REVOKE Operations Affected by DV_OWNER?
    • Managing Password Changes for Users Who Have the DV_OWNER Role
    • DV_OWNER Status When Oracle Database Vault Security Is Disabled
  • DV_ADMIN Database Vault Configuration Administrator Role
    • About the DV_ADMIN Role
    • Privileges Associated with the DV_ADMIN Role
    • How Are GRANT and REVOKE Operations Affected by DV_ADMIN?
    • Managing Password Changes for Users Who Have the DV_ADMIN Role
    • DV_ADMIN Status When Oracle Database Vault Security Is Disabled
  • DV_MONITOR Database Vault Monitoring Role
    • About the DV_MONITOR Role
    • Privileges Associated with the DV_MONITOR Role
    • How Are GRANT and REVOKE Operations Affected by DV_MONITOR?
    • DV_MONITOR Status When Oracle Database Vault Security Is Disabled
  • DV_SECANALYST Database Vault Security Analyst Role
    • About the DV_SECANALYST Role
    • Privileges Associated with the DV_SECANALYST Role
    • How Are GRANT and REVOKE Operations Affected by DV_SECANALYST?
    • DV_SECANALYST Status When Oracle Database Vault Security Is Disabled
  • DV_AUDIT_CLEANUP Audit Trail Cleanup Role
    • About the DV_AUDIT_CLEANUP Role
    • Privileges Associated with the DV_AUDIT_CLEANUP Role
    • How Are GRANT and REVOKE Operations Affected by DV_AUDIT_CLEANUP?
    • DV_AUDIT_CLEANUP Status When Oracle Database Vault Security Is Disabled
  • DV_DATAPUMP_NETWORK_LINK Data Pump Network Link Role
    • About the DV_DATAPUMP_NETWORK_LINK Role
    • Privileges Associated with the DV_DATAPUMP_NETWORK_LINK Role
    • How Are GRANT and REVOKE Operations Affected by DV_DATAPUMP_NETWORK_LINK?
    • DV_DATAPUMP_NETWORK_LINK Status When Oracle Database Vault Security Is Disabled
  • DV_STREAMS_ADMIN Oracle Streams Configuration Role
    • About the DV_STREAMS_ADMIN Role
    • Privileges Associated with the DV_STREAMS_ADMIN Role
    • How Are GRANT and REVOKE Operations Affected by DV_STREAMS_ADMIN?
    • DV_STREAMS_ADMIN Status When Oracle Database Vault Security Is Disabled
  • DV_XSTREAM_ADMIN XStream Administrative Role
    • About the DV_XSTREAM_ADMIN Role
    • Privileges Associated with the DV_XSTREAM_ADMIN Role
    • How Are GRANT and REVOKE Operations Affected by DV_XSTREAM_ADMIN?
    • DV_XSTREAM_ADMIN Status When Oracle Database Vault Security Is Disabled
  • DV_GOLDENGATE_ADMIN Oracle GoldenGate Administrative Role
    • About the DV_GOLDENGATE_ADMIN Role
    • Privileges Associated with the DV_GOLDENGATE_ADMIN Role
    • How Are GRANT and REVOKE Operations Affected by DV_GOLDENGATE_ADMIN?
    • DV_GOLDENGATE_ADMIN Status When Oracle Database Vault Security Is Disabled
  • DV_GOLDENGATE_REDO_ACCESS Oracle GoldenGate Redo Log Access Role
    • About the DV_GOLDENGATE_REDO_ACCESS Role
    • Privileges Associated with the DV_GOLDENGATE_REDO_ACCESS Role
    • How Are GRANT and REVOKE Operations Affected by DV_GOLDENGATE_REDO_ACCESS?
    • DV_GOLDENGATE_REDO_ACCESS Status When Oracle Database Vault Security Is Disabled
  • DV_PATCH_ADMIN Database Vault Database Patch Role
    • About the DV_PATCH_ADMIN Role
    • Privileges Associated with the DV_PATCH_ADMIN Role
    • How Are GRANT and REVOKE Operations Affected by DV_OWNER?
    • DV_PATCH_ADMIN Status When Oracle Database Vault Security Is Disabled
  • DV_ACCTMGR Database Vault Account Manager Role
    • About the DV_ACCTMGR Role
    • Privileges Associated with the DV_ACCTMGR Role
    • How Are GRANT and REVOKE Operations Affected by DV_ACCTMGR?
    • DV_ACCTMGR Status When Oracle Database Vault Security Is Disabled
  • DV_REALM_OWNER Database Vault Realm DBA Role
    • About the DV_REALM_OWNER Role
    • Privileges Associated with the DV_REALM_OWNER Role
    • How Are GRANT and REVOKE Operations Affected by DV_REALM_OWNER?
    • DV_REALM_OWNER Status When Oracle Database Vault Security Is Disabled
  • DV_REALM_RESOURCE Database Vault Application Resource Owner Role
    • About the DV_REALM_RESOURCE Role
    • Privileges Associated with the DV_REALM_RESOURCE Role
    • How Are GRANT and REVOKE Operations Affected by DV_REALM_RESOURCE?
    • DV_REALM_RESOURCE Status When Oracle Database Vault Security Is Disabled
  • DV_PUBLIC Database Vault PUBLIC Role
• Oracle Database Vault Accounts

13 Oracle Database Vault Realm APIs

• About the DBMS_MACADM Realm Procedures
• ADD_AUTH_TO_REALM Procedure
• ADD_OBJECT_TO_REALM Procedure
• CREATE_REALM Procedure
• DELETE_AUTH_FROM_REALM Procedure
• DELETE_OBJECT_FROM_REALM Procedure
• DELETE_REALM Procedure
• DELETE_REALM_CASCADE Procedure
• RENAME_REALM Procedure
• UPDATE_REALM Procedure
• UPDATE_REALM_AUTH Procedure

14 Oracle Database Vault Rule Set APIs

• DBMS_MACADM Rule Set Procedures
  • About the DBMS_MACADM Rule Set Procedures
  • ADD_RULE_TO_RULE_SET Procedure
  • CREATE_RULE Procedure
  • CREATE_RULE_SET Procedure
  • DELETE_RULE Procedure
  • DELETE_RULE_FROM_RULE_SET Procedure
  • DELETE_RULE_SET Procedure
  • RENAME_RULE Procedure
  • RENAME_RULE_SET Procedure
  • UPDATE_RULE Procedure
  • UPDATE_RULE_SET Procedure
• Oracle Database Vault PL/SQL Rule Set Functions
  • About the Oracle Database Vault PL/SQL Rule Set Functions
  • DVSYS.DV_SYSEVENT Function
  • DVSYS.DV_LOGIN_USER Function
  • DVSYS.DV_INSTANCE_NUM Function
  • DVSYS.DV_DATABASE_NAME Function
  • DVSYS.DV_DICT_OBJ_TYPE Function
  • DVSYS.DV_DICT_OBJ_OWNER Function
  • DVSYS.DV_DICT_OBJ_NAME Function
  • DVSYS.DV_SQL_TEXT Function

15 Oracle Database Vault Command Rule APIs

• About Command Rule Procedures within DBMS_MACADM
• CREATE_COMMAND_RULE Procedure
• DELETE_COMMAND_RULE Procedure
• UPDATE_COMMAND_RULE Procedure

16 Oracle Database Vault Factor APIs

• DBMS_MACADM Factor Procedures and Functions
  • About the DBMS_MACADM Factor Procedures and Functions
  • ADD_FACTOR_LINK Procedure
  • ADD_POLICY_FACTOR Procedure
  • CHANGE_IDENTITY_FACTOR Procedure
  • CHANGE_IDENTITY_VALUE Procedure
  • CREATE_DOMAIN_IDENTITY Procedure
  • CREATE_FACTOR Procedure
  • CREATE_FACTOR_TYPE Procedure
  • CREATE_IDENTITY Procedure
  • CREATE_IDENTITY_MAP Procedure
  • DELETE_FACTOR Procedure
  • DELETE_FACTOR_LINK Procedure
  • DELETE_FACTOR_TYPE Procedure
  • DELETE_IDENTITY Procedure
  • DELETE_IDENTITY_MAP Procedure
  • DROP_DOMAIN_IDENTITY Procedure
  • GET_INSTANCE_INFO Function
  • GET_SESSION_INFO Function
  • RENAME_FACTOR Procedure
  • RENAME_FACTOR_TYPE Procedure
  • UPDATE_FACTOR Procedure
  • UPDATE_FACTOR_TYPE Procedure
  • UPDATE_IDENTITY Procedure
• Oracle Database Vault Run-Time PL/SQL Procedures and Functions
  • About the Oracle Database Vault Run-Time PL/SQL Procedures and Functions
  • SET_FACTOR Procedure
  • GET_FACTOR Function
  • GET_TRUST_LEVEL Function
  • GET_TRUST_LEVEL_FOR_IDENTITY Function
  • ROLE_IS_ENABLED Function
  • GET_FACTOR_LABEL Function
• Oracle Database Vault DVF PL/SQL Factor Functions
  • About the Oracle Database Vault DVF PL/SQL Factor Functions
  • F$AUTHENTICATION_METHOD Function
  • F$CLIENT_IP Function
  • F$DATABASE_DOMAIN Function
  • F$DATABASE_HOSTNAME Function
  • F$DATABASE_INSTANCE Function
  • F$DATABASE_IP Function
  • F$DATABASE_NAME Function
  • F$DOMAIN Function
  • F$ENTERPRISE_IDENTITY Function
  • F$IDENTIFICATION_TYPE Function
  • F$LANG Function
  • F$LANGUAGE Function
  • F$MACHINE Function
  • F$NETWORK_PROTOCOL Function
  • F$PROXY_ENTERPRISE_IDENTITY Function
  • F$SESSION_USER Function

17 Oracle Database Vault Secure Application Role APIs

• DBMS_MACADM Secure Application Role Procedures
  • About the DBMS_MACADM Secure Application Role Procedures
  • CREATE_ROLE Procedure
  • DELETE_ROLE Procedure
  • RENAME_ROLE Procedure
  • UPDATE_ROLE Procedure
• DBMS_MACSEC_ROLES Secure Application Role Procedure and Function
  • About the DBMS_MACSEC_ROLES Package
  • CAN_SET_ROLE Function
  • SET_ROLE Procedure

18 Oracle Database Vault Oracle Label Security APIs

• About the DBMS_MACADM Oracle Label Security Procedures
• CREATE_MAC_POLICY Procedure
• CREATE_POLICY_LABEL Procedure
• DELETE_MAC_POLICY_CASCADE Procedure
• DELETE_POLICY_FACTOR Procedure
• DELETE_POLICY_LABEL Procedure
• UPDATE_MAC_POLICY Procedure

19 Oracle Database Vault Utility APIs

• About the DBMS_MACUTL Package
• DBMS_MACUTL Constants
  • DBMS_MACUTL Listing of Constants
  • Example: Creating a Realm Using DBMS_MACUTL Constants
  • Example: Creating a Rule Set Using DBMS_MACUTL Constants
  • Example: Creating a Factor Using DBMS_MACUTL Constants
• DBMS_MACUTL Package Procedures and Functions
  • About the DBMS_MACUTL Package Procedures and Functions
  • CHECK_DVSYS_DML_ALLOWED Procedure
  • GET_CODE_VALUE Function
  • GET_SECOND Function
  • GET_MINUTE Function
  • GET_HOUR Function
  • GET_DAY Function
  • GET_MONTH Function
  • GET_YEAR Function
  • IS_ALPHA Function
  • IS_DIGIT Function
  • IS_DVSYS_OWNER Function
  • IS_OLS_INSTALLED Function
  • IS_OLS_INSTALLED_VARCHAR Function
  • USER_HAS_OBJECT_PRIVILEGE Function
  • USER_HAS_ROLE Function
  • USER_HAS_ROLE_VARCHAR Function
  • USER_HAS_SYSTEM_PRIVILEGE Function

20 Oracle Database Vault General Administrative APIs

• DBMS_MACADM General System Maintenance Procedures
  • About the DBMS_MACADM General System Maintenance Procedures
  • ADD_NLS_DATA Procedure
  • AUTHORIZE_DATAPUMP_USER Procedure
  • AUTHORIZE_DDL
  • AUTHORIZE_PROXY_USER
  • AUTHORIZE_SCHEDULER_USER Procedure
  • AUTHORIZE_TTS_USER Procedure
  • UNAUTHORIZE_DATAPUMP_USER Procedure
  • UNAUTHORIZE_DDL Procedure
  • UNAUTHORIZE_PROXY_USER Procedure
  • UNAUTHORIZE_SCHEDULER_USER Procedure
  • UNAUTHORIZE_TTS_USER Procedure
  • DISABLE_DV Procedure
  • DISABLE_DV_DICTIONARY_ACCTS Procedure
  • DISABLE_DV_PATCH_ADMIN_AUDIT Procedure
  • DISABLE_ORADEBUG Procedure
  • ENABLE_DV Procedure
  • ENABLE_DV_PATCH_ADMIN_AUDIT Procedure
  • ENABLE_DV_DICTIONARY_ACCTS Procedure
  • ENABLE_ORADEBUG Procedure
• DVSYS.CONFIGURE_DV General System Maintenance Procedure

21 Oracle Database Vault API Reference

• DBMS_MACADM PL/SQL Package Contents
• DBMS_MACSEC_ROLES PL/SQL Package Contents
• DBMS_MACUTL PL/SQL Package Contents
• DVSYS.CONFIGURE_DV PL/SQL Procedure
• DVF PL/SQL Interface Contents

22 Oracle Database Vault Data Dictionary Views

• About the Oracle Database Vault Data Dictionary Views
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_CODE View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_COMMAND_RULE View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_DATAPUMP_AUTH View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_DDL_AUTH View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_DICTIONARY_ACCTS View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_FACTOR View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_FACTOR_LINK View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_FACTOR_TYPE View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_IDENTITY View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_IDENTITY_MAP View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_JOB_AUTH View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_MAC_POLICY View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_MAC_POLICY_FACTOR View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_ORADEBUG View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_PATCH_ADMIN_AUDIT View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_POLICY_LABEL View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_PROXY_AUTH View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_PUB_PRIVS View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_REALM View
• DVSYS.DV$REALM View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_REALM_AUTH View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_REALM_OBJECT View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_ROLE View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_RULE View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_RULE_SET View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_RULE_SET_RULE View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_TTS_AUTH View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_USER_PRIVS View
• DVSYS.DBA_DV_USER_PRIVS_ALL View
• DVSYS.DV$CONFIGURATION_AUDIT View
• DVSYS.DV$ENFORCEMENT_AUDIT View
• SYS.DV$CONFIGURATION_AUDIT View
• SYS.DV$ENFORCEMENT_AUDIT View

23 Monitoring Oracle Database Vault

• Monitoring Security Violation Attempts
  • About Monitoring Security Violation Attempts
  • Using Oracle Database Vault Administrator to Monitor Security Violations
• Monitoring Security Policy Changes
  • About Monitoring Security Policy Changes
  • Using Oracle Database Vault to Monitor Security Policy Changes by Category

24 Oracle Database Vault Reports

• About the Oracle Database Vault Reports
• Who Can Run the Oracle Database Vault Reports?
• Running the Oracle Database Vault Reports
• Oracle Database Vault Configuration Issues Reports
  • Command Rule Configuration Issues Report
  • Rule Set Configuration Issues Report
  • Realm Authorization Configuration Issues Report
  • Factor Configuration Issues Report
  • Factor Without Identities Report
  • Identity Configuration Issues Report
  • Secure Application Configuration Issues Report
• Oracle Database Vault Auditing Reports
  • Realm Audit Report
  • Command Rule Audit Report
  • Factor Audit Report
  • Label Security Integration Audit Report
  • Core Database Vault Audit Trail Report
  • Secure Application Role Audit Report
• Oracle Database Vault General Security Reports
  • Object Privilege Reports
    • Object Access By PUBLIC Report
    • Object Access Not By PUBLIC Report
    • Direct Object Privileges Report
    • Object Dependencies Report
  • Database Account System Privileges Reports
    • Direct System Privileges By Database Account Report
    • Direct and Indirect System Privileges By Database Account Report
    • Hierarchical System Privileges by Database Account Report
    • ANY System Privileges for Database Accounts Report
    • System Privileges By Privilege Report
  • Sensitive Objects Reports
    • Execute Privileges to Strong SYS Packages Report
    • Access to Sensitive Objects Report
    • Public Execute Privilege To SYS PL/SQL Procedures Report
    • Accounts with SYSDBA/SYSOPER Privilege Report
  • Privilege Management - Summary Reports
    • Privileges Distribution By Grantee Report
    • Privileges Distribution By Grantee, Owner Report
    • Privileges Distribution By Grantee, Owner, Privilege Report
  • Powerful Database Accounts and Roles Reports
    • WITH ADMIN Privilege Grants Report
    • Accounts With DBA Roles Report
    • Security Policy Exemption Report
    • BECOME USER Report
    • ALTER SYSTEM or ALTER SESSION Report
    • Password History Access Report
    • WITH GRANT Privileges Report
    • Roles/Accounts That Have a Given Role Report
    • Database Accounts With Catalog Roles Report
    • AUDIT Privileges Report
    • OS Security Vulnerability Privileges Report
  • Initialization Parameters and Profiles Reports
    • Security Related Database Parameters Report
    • Resource Profiles Report
    • System Resource Limits Report
  • Database Account Password Reports
    • Database Account Default Password Report
    • Database Account Status Report
  • Security Audit Report: Core Database Audit Report
  • Other Security Vulnerability Reports
    • Java Policy Grants Report
    • OS Directory Objects Report
    • Objects Dependent on Dynamic SQL Report
    • Unwrapped PL/SQL Package Bodies Report
    • Username/Password Tables Report
    • Tablespace Quotas Report
    • Non-Owner Object Trigger Report

A Auditing Oracle Database Vault

• About Auditing in Oracle Database Vault
• Protecting the Unified Audit Trail in an Oracle Database Vault Environment
• Oracle Database Vault Specific Audit Events
  • Oracle Database Vault Policy Audit Events
  • Format of the Oracle Database Vault DVSYS.AUDIT_TRAIL$ Audit Trail Records
• Archiving and Purging the Oracle Database Vault Audit Trail
  • About Archiving and Purging the Oracle Database Vault Audit Trail
  • Archiving the Oracle Database Vault Audit Trail
  • Purging the Oracle Database Vault Audit Trail
• Oracle Database Audit Settings Created for Oracle Database Vault

B Disabling and Enabling Oracle Database Vault

• When You Must Disable Oracle Database Vault
• Checking if Oracle Database Vault Is Enabled or Disabled
• Step 1: Disable Oracle Database Vault
• Step 2: Perform the Required Tasks
• Step 3: Enable Oracle Database Vault

C Postinstallation Oracle Database Vault Procedures

• Configuring Oracle Database Vault on Oracle RAC Nodes
• Adding Languages to Oracle Database Vault
• Deinstalling Oracle Database Vault
• Reinstalling Oracle Database Vault

D Oracle Database Vault Security Guidelines

• Separation of Duty Guidelines
  • How Oracle Database Vault Handles Separation of Duty
  • Separation of Tasks in an Oracle Database Vault Environment
  • Separation of Duty Matrix for Oracle Database Vault
  • Identification and Documentation of the Tasks of Users Who Access the Database System
• Managing Oracle Database Administrative Accounts
  • SYSTEM User Account for General Administrative Uses
  • SYSTEM Schema for Application Tables
  • Limitation of the SYSDBA Administrative Privilege
  • Root and Operating System Access to Oracle Database Vault
• Accounts and Roles Trusted by Oracle Database Vault
• Accounts and Roles That Should be Limited to Trusted Individuals
  • Management of Users with Root Access to the Operating System
  • Management of the Oracle Software Owner
  • Management of SYSDBA Access
  • Management of SYSOPER Access
• Guidelines for Using Oracle Database Vault in a Production Environment
• Secure Configuration Guidelines
  • Security Considerations for the UTL_FILE and DBMS_FILE_TRANSFER Packages
    • About Security Considerations for the UTL_FILE and DBMS_FILE_TRANSFER Packages
    • Securing Access to the DBMS_FILE_TRANFER Package
    • Example: Creating a Command Rule to Deny Access to CREATE DATABASE LINK
    • Example: Creating a Command Rule to Enable Access to CREATE DATABASE LINK
    • Example: Command Rules to Disable and Enable Access to CREATE DIRECTORY
  • Security Considerations for the Recycle Bin
    • About Security Considerations for the Recycle Bin
    • Checking the Contents of the Recycle Bin
    • Purging the Contents of the Recycle Bin
    • Disabling the Recycle Bin
  • Security Considerations for the CREATE ANY JOB Privilege
  • Security Considerations for the CREATE EXTERNAL JOB Privilege
  • Security Considerations for the LogMiner Packages
  • Security Considerations for the ALTER SYSTEM and ALTER SESSION Privileges
    • About Security Considerations for the ALTER SYSTEM and ALTER SESSION Privileges
    • Example: Adding Rules to the Existing ALTER SYSTEM Command Rule

E Troubleshooting Oracle Database Vault

• Using Trace Files to Diagnose Oracle Database Vault Events
  • About Using Trace Files to Diagnose Oracle Database Vault Events
  • Types of Oracle Database Vault Trace Events That You Can and Cannot Track
  • Levels of Oracle Database Vault Trace Events
  • Performance Effect of Enabling Oracle Database Vault Trace Files
  • Enabling Oracle Database Vault Trace Events
    • Enabling Trace Events for the Current Database Session
    • Enabling Trace Events for All Database Sessions
    • Management of Trace Events in a Multitenant Environment
  • Finding Oracle Database Vault Trace File Data
    • Finding the Database Vault Trace File Directory Location
    • Using the Linux grep Command to Search Trace Files for Strings
    • Using the ADR Command Interpreter (ADRCI) Utility to QueryTrace Files
  • Example: Low Level Oracle Database Vault Realm Violations in a Trace File
  • Example: High Level Trace Enabled for Oracle Database Vault Authorization
  • Example: Highest Level Traces on Violations on Realm-Protected Objects
  • Disabling Oracle Database Vault Trace Events
    • Disabling Trace Events for the Current Database Session
    • Disabling Trace Events for All Database Sessions
    • Disabling Trace Events in a Multitenant Environment
• General Diagnostic Tips
• Configuration Problems with Oracle Database Vault Components

Index