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Contents
Title and Copyright Information
Preface
Audience
Documentation Accessibility
Related Documents
Conventions
1
Oracle Database 12
c
Release 1 (12.1.0.2) New Features
1.1
Advanced Index Compression
1.2
Approximate Count Distinct
1.3
Attribute Clustering
1.4
Automatic Big Table Caching
1.5
FDA Support for CDBs
1.6
Full Database Caching
1.7
In-Memory Aggregation
1.8
In-Memory Column Store
1.9
JSON Support
1.10
New FIPS 140 Parameter for Encryption
1.11
PDB CONTAINERS Clause
1.12
PDB File Placement in OMF
1.13
PDB Logging Clause
1.14
PDB Metadata Clone
1.15
PDB Remote Clone
1.16
PDB Snapshot Cloning Additional Platform Support
1.17
PDB STANDBYS Clause
1.18
PDB State Management Across CDB Restart
1.19
PDB Subset Cloning
1.20
Rapid Home Provisioning
1.21
Zone Maps
2
Oracle Database 12
c
Release 1 (12.1.0.1) New Features
2.1
Application Development
2.1.1
Enhanced Developer Productivity with Oracle Application Express
2.1.1.1
Accessibility
2.1.1.2
Automatic Purging of Workspaces
2.1.1.3
Dynamic Actions
2.1.1.4
End User Data Upload
2.1.1.5
Error Handling
2.1.1.6
Expanded Interactive Reports
2.1.1.7
Improved Charting Engine
2.1.1.8
Mobile Applications
2.1.1.9
Modernized Application Builder
2.1.1.10
Packaged Applications
2.1.1.11
Plug-Ins
2.1.1.12
Tabular Forms
2.1.1.13
Team Development
2.1.1.14
Themes and Templates
2.1.1.15
Time Stamp and Time Zone Support
2.1.1.16
Use of ROWID
2.1.1.17
Web Services Support
2.1.1.18
Websheets
2.1.2
Enhanced Globalization Support
2.1.2.1
Expanded Database Locale Support
2.1.2.2
Replacement of CSSCAN and CSALTER with DMU
2.1.2.3
Unicode 6.1 Support
2.1.2.4
Unicode Collation Algorithm Conformance
2.1.3
General
2.1.3.1
Import and Export of Workspace Manager Schema
2.1.3.2
Performance Improvements to Workspace Operations and Views
2.1.4
Improved Oracle SQL and PL/SQL
2.1.4.1
An Invoker's Rights Function Can Be Result Cached
2.1.4.2
An Object of Type LIBRARY Can Be Defined Using an Object of Type DIRECTORY
2.1.4.3
Enhanced Oracle Native LEFT OUTER JOIN Syntax
2.1.4.4
JDBC Support for PL/SQL Data Types as Parameters
2.1.4.5
Mechanism to Restrict the Ability to Reference a PL/SQL Unit to a White List of Database Objects
2.1.4.6
Native Client API Support for PL/SQL Package Types and Boolean Types as Parameters
2.1.4.7
New PL/SQL DBMS_UTILITY.EXPAND_SQL_TEXT Procedure
2.1.4.8
New PL/SQL Package UTL_CALL_STACK
2.1.4.9
New Predefined PL/SQL Inquiry Directives
2.1.4.10
New SCHEMA Parameter for DBMS_SQL.PARSE() Procedure
2.1.4.11
PL/SQL Functions Defined in the SQL WITH Clause
2.1.4.12
PL/SQL-Specific Data Types Allowed Across the PL/SQL-to-SQL Interface
2.1.4.13
Precompilers Support for SQL Plan Management
2.1.4.14
SQLJ Support for SQL Plan Management
2.1.4.15
Temporal Validity
2.1.4.16
Temporal Validity Flashback Queries
2.1.5
OCI/OCCI Enhancements
2.1.5.1
Auto-Tuning Oracle C Client Interface (OCI) Applications
2.1.5.2
Oracle C/C++ Client (OCI/OCCI) Support for Row Count Per Iteration for Array DML
2.1.6
Reduced Cost and Complexities of Migrating to Oracle
2.1.6.1
Default Values for Columns Based on Oracle Sequences
2.1.6.2
DEFAULT Values for Columns on Explicit NULL Insertion
2.1.6.3
IDENTITY Columns
2.1.6.4
Increased Size Limit for VARCHAR2, NVARCHAR2, and RAW Data Types
2.1.6.5
JDBC Support for Sybase Applications Migration
2.1.6.6
Implicit Result Sets
2.1.6.7
Native SQL Support for Query Row Limits and Row Offsets
2.1.6.8
Oracle Database Driver for MySQL Applications
2.1.6.9
Precompiler Support for Prefetch By Memory
2.1.6.10
SQL CROSS APPLY, OUTER APPLY and LATERAL
2.1.6.11
SQL Translation Framework
2.1.7
Support .NET and Microsoft Development Community
2.1.7.1
Microsoft .NET Framework 4 and 4.5 Support
2.1.7.2
Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database
2.1.7.3
64-Bit ODP.NET XCopy for Windows x64
2.1.7.4
Entity Framework and LINQ
2.1.7.5
Implicit REF CURSOR Parameter Binding
2.1.7.6
Oracle SQL Supports APPLY Keyword
2.1.7.7
Returning Row Counts
2.1.7.8
Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) Data Services and Open Data Protocol (OData)
2.1.8
Support Java Development Community
2.1.8.1
JDBC Support for Monitoring Database Operations (DBOP)
2.1.8.2
Database Support for JDK Upgrade
2.1.8.3
Database Support for Latest Java SE and Standard Utilities
2.1.8.4
Enhanced Security for Java in the Database
2.1.8.5
JDBC Enhanced Security
2.1.8.6
JDBC Support for Database Resident Connection Pool
2.1.8.7
JDBC Support for Latest Java Standards
2.2
Business Intelligence and Data Warehousing
2.2.1
Oracle Advanced Analytics
2.2.1.1
Decision Tree Mining Text Data
2.2.1.2
Expectation Maximization (EM) Clustering and Density Estimation
2.2.1.3
Feature Extraction Using Singular Value Decomposition
2.2.1.4
Feature Selection and Creation for Generalized Linear Models (GLM)
2.2.1.5
Native Double in Data Mining Functions
2.2.1.6
Native SQL Support for Row Pattern Matching
2.2.1.7
Native Text Support
2.2.1.8
On-the-Fly Models
2.2.1.9
Prediction Details and Cluster Functions
2.2.2
Oracle OLAP
2.2.2.1
Cube Query Performance Enhancements
2.2.2.2
Cube Statistics Support
2.2.3
Partitioning Enhancements
2.2.3.1
Asynchronous Global Index Maintenance for DROP and TRUNCATE Partition
2.2.3.2
Cascade Functionality for TRUNCATE and EXCHANGE Partition
2.2.3.3
Interval Reference Partitioning
2.2.3.4
ONLINE Move Partition
2.2.3.5
Partial Indexes for Partitioned Tables
2.2.3.6
Partition Maintenance Operations on Multiple Partitions
2.2.4
Performance With Zero Effort
2.2.4.1
Adaptive Query Optimization
2.2.4.2
Adaptive SQL Plan Management
2.2.4.3
Automatic Column Group Detection
2.2.4.4
Concurrent Execution of UNION and UNION ALL Branches
2.2.4.5
Concurrent Statistics Gathering
2.2.4.6
Database Smart Flash Cache Support for Multiple Flash Devices
2.2.4.7
Dynamic Statistics
2.2.4.8
Enhanced Parallel Statement Queuing
2.2.4.9
Enhancements to Incremental Statistics
2.2.4.10
Enhancements to System Statistics
2.2.4.11
Improved Automatic Degree of Parallelism
2.2.4.12
New Types of Optimizer Statistics
2.2.4.13
Online Statistics Gathering for Bulk Loads
2.2.4.14
Out-of-Place Materialized View Refresh
2.2.4.15
Session-Private Statistics for Global Temporary Tables
2.2.4.16
SQL Plan Directives
2.2.4.17
Synchronous Materialized View Refresh
2.3
Compression and Archiving
2.3.1
Archiving
2.3.1.1
Database Hardening: Enable Flashback Data Archive (FDA) for Security-Related Application Tables
2.3.1.2
Flashback Data Archive Improvements
2.3.2
General
2.3.2.1
Optimization for Flashback Data Archive History Tables
2.3.3
Information Lifecycle Management
2.3.3.1
Automatic Data Optimization (ADO)
2.3.3.2
EXECUTE_ILM Procedure
2.3.3.3
Heat Map
2.3.3.4
PL/SQL Interface for Managing ADO Policies
2.3.3.5
Row-Level Compression Tiering
2.3.3.6
Segment-Level Compression Tiering
2.3.3.7
In-Database Archiving
2.3.4
SecureFiles Enhancements
2.3.4.1
Enable PDML Operations on SecureFiles
2.3.4.2
Oracle Data Pump: Support SecureFiles LOB as Default
2.3.4.3
SecureFiles is the Default for LOB Storage
2.4
Database Overall
2.4.1
Database Consolidation
2.4.1.1
Integrate With Operating System Processor Groups
2.4.1.2
Oracle Data Pump Support for Database Consolidation: Full Transportable
2.4.1.3
Multitenant Architecture
2.4.1.4
PDBs Backup and Recovery
2.4.1.5
PDBs Point-in-Time Recovery
2.4.1.6
PDBs Resource Plans
2.4.2
Grid Scheduler
2.4.2.1
New Job Types
2.4.3
Overall
2.4.3.1
Cloning a Database
2.4.4
Utilities
2.4.4.1
LOGTIME Parameter for Oracle Data Pump Command
2.4.4.2
Oracle Data Pump Audit Commands
2.4.4.3
Oracle Data Pump Change Table Compression at Import Time
2.4.4.4
Oracle Data Pump Enhanced Compression Options
2.4.4.5
Oracle Data Pump Export View As a Table
2.4.4.6
Oracle Data Pump No Logging Option for Import
2.4.4.7
Oracle Data Pump Security: No-Echo of Encryption Passwords on Export and Import Commands
2.4.4.8
SQL*Loader and External Tables: Use dNFS for Accessing Files on NFS Servers
2.4.4.9
SQL*Loader Audit Direct Path Loads
2.4.4.10
SQL*Loader Express Mode
2.5
High Availability
2.5.1
Application Continuity
2.5.1.1
Application Continuity for Java
2.5.1.2
Transaction Guard
2.5.2
Logical Replication
2.5.2.1
Support for Extended VARCHAR2 in XStream
2.5.2.2
XStream New Apply Parameters
2.5.2.3
XStream New Capture Parameters
2.5.2.4
XStream Optimized Management of Large Transactions
2.5.2.5
XStream Support for Advanced LOB Deduplication
2.5.2.6
XStream Support for XML Object Relational and Binary
2.5.3
Global Data Services
2.5.3.1
Global Data Services (GDS)
2.5.3.2
Oracle C/C++ Application High Availability Enhancements
2.5.4
Improved Resiliency
2.5.4.1
Oracle ASM Disk Scrubbing
2.5.5
Online Operations
2.5.5.1
Editioned and Noneditioned Objects
2.5.5.2
Enhanced Online DDL Capabilities
2.5.5.3
Invisible Columns
2.5.5.4
Lock Timeout for FINISH_REDEF_TABLE
2.5.5.5
Metadata-Only DEFAULT Column Values for NULL Columns
2.5.5.6
Move a Data File Online
2.5.5.7
Multiple Indexes on Same Set of Columns
2.5.5.8
Online Redefinition of Multiple Partitions
2.5.5.9
Single Command REDEF_TABLE to Redefine Table or Partition
2.5.5.10
Support Redefinition of Tables With VPD Policies
2.5.6
Oracle Data Guard Enhancements
2.5.6.1
Advanced Data Guard Broker Manageability
2.5.6.2
Oracle Data Guard Broker Support for Cascaded Standby Databases
2.5.6.3
Fast Sync
2.5.6.4
Single Command Role Transitions
2.5.6.5
Real-Time Apply is Default Setting for Data Guard
2.5.6.6
Resumable Switchover Operations
2.5.6.7
Active Data Guard Enhanced Security
2.5.6.8
Active Data Guard Support for DML on Global Temporary Tables
2.5.6.9
Active Data Guard Support for Sequences
2.5.6.10
Active Data Guard Real-Time Cascade
2.5.6.11
Active Data Guard Far Sync
2.5.7
Data Guard Rolling Upgrade Enhancements
2.5.7.1
Data Guard Rolling Upgrade Support for Advanced Data Types
2.5.7.2
Data Guard Rolling Upgrade Support for XDB Repository
2.5.7.3
Disaster Protection During Database Rolling Upgrade
2.5.7.4
Oracle Advanced Queuing (AQ) Support for Data Guard Database Rolling Upgrade
2.5.7.5
Oracle Data Guard Broker Support for Database Rolling Upgrades
2.5.7.6
Oracle Scheduler Support for Data Guard Database Rolling Upgrade
2.5.7.7
Rolling Upgrade Using Active Data Guard
2.5.7.8
SQL Apply Extended Data Type Support (EDS)
2.5.7.9
SQL Apply Support for Objects, Collections, and XMLType
2.5.7.10
SQL Apply Support for XMLType
2.5.7.11
SQL Apply Support for SecureFiles LOBs
2.5.8
Oracle Database Advanced Queuing Enhancements
2.5.8.1
JMS Bulk Message Purging
2.5.8.2
JMS Event-Driven Listener
2.5.8.3
JMS Message Priorities, Exception Queues, and Expiration
2.5.8.4
JMS Transactional Nonpersistent Queues
2.5.8.5
Message Forwarding on Oracle RAC
2.5.8.6
AQ Rules Engine Fast Evaluation of SYS_CONTEXT and Other Predicates
2.5.8.7
Rules Engine Result Cache
2.5.8.8
Sharded Queues for Performance and Scalability
2.5.8.9
Simplified Metadata and Schema
2.5.9
RMAN Enhancements
2.5.9.1
Active Database Duplication Enhancements
2.5.9.2
Cross-Platform Backup and Restore
2.5.9.3
DUPLICATE Enhancements
2.5.9.4
Multisection Image Copies
2.5.9.5
Multisection Incremental Backups
2.5.9.6
Network-Enabled RESTORE
2.5.9.7
RMAN Command-Line Interface Enhancements
2.5.9.8
Storage Snapshot Optimization
2.5.9.9
Table-Level Recovery From Backups
2.6
Manageability
2.6.1
Database Performance Tuning
2.6.1.1
Enterprise Manager Database Express
2.6.1.2
PGA Size Limit
2.6.1.3
Real-Time Database Operations Monitoring
2.6.1.4
Resource Manager Runaway Query Management
2.6.1.5
Spot ADDM
2.6.2
Database Testing
2.6.2.1
Mask At Source or Mask During Subset
2.6.2.2
Self Update for Oracle Applications Masking and Subsetting Templates
2.6.2.3
Database Replay Support for Database Consolidation
2.6.2.4
Database Replay Workload Scale-Up and Characterization
2.6.2.5
Enhanced Database Replay Reporting
2.6.3
General
2.6.3.1
Queryable Patch Inventory
2.7
Oracle RAC and Grid Infrastructure
2.7.1
Oracle ASM Enhancements
2.7.1.1
Oracle Flex ASM
2.7.1.2
Oracle ASM Shared Password File in a Disk Group
2.7.1.3
Oracle ASM Rebalance Enhancements
2.7.1.4
Oracle ASM Disk Resync Enhancements
2.7.1.5
Oracle ASM chown, chgrp, chmod and Open Files Support
2.7.1.6
Oracle ASM Support ALTER DISKGROUP REPLACE USER
2.7.1.7
Enterprise Manager Support for Oracle ASM Features
2.7.1.8
Oracle ASM File Access Control on Windows
2.7.1.9
Oracle Grid Infrastructure Rolling Migration for One-Off Patches
2.7.2
Oracle ACFS Enhancements
2.7.2.1
Oracle ACFS Support for All Oracle Database Files
2.7.2.2
Oracle ACFS and Highly Available NFS
2.7.2.3
Oracle ACFS Snapshots Enhancements
2.7.2.4
Oracle ACFS Replication Integration with Oracle ACFS Security and Encryption
2.7.2.5
Oracle Audit Vault and Database Firewall Support for Oracle ACFS Security and Encryption
2.7.2.6
Oracle ACFS Security and Encryption Features
2.7.2.7
Oracle ACFS File Tags for Grid Homes
2.7.2.8
Oracle ACFS Plug-in APIs
2.7.2.9
Enterprise Manager Support for Oracle ACFS New Features
2.7.2.10
Oracle ACFS Replication and Tagging on AIX
2.7.2.11
Oracle ACFS Replication and Tagging on Solaris
2.7.3
Oracle Clusterware Enhancements
2.7.3.1
Oracle Flex Cluster
2.7.3.2
Policy-Based Cluster Management and Administration
2.7.3.3
What-If Command Evaluation
2.7.3.4
Oracle Cluster Registry Backup in ASM Disk Group Support
2.7.3.5
Shared Grid Naming Service (GNS)
2.7.3.6
SRVCTL Support for Oracle Flex Cluster Implementations
2.7.3.7
Online Resource Attribute Modification
2.7.4
Other Grid Infrastructure Enhancements
2.7.4.1
Grid Infrastructure Script Automation for Installation and Upgrade
2.7.4.2
Multipurpose Cluster Installation Support
2.7.5
Oracle RAC Enhancements
2.7.5.1
Support for IPv6 Based IP Addresses for Oracle RAC Client Connectivity
2.8
Performance
2.8.1
Database Performance Enhancements
2.8.1.1
Advanced Network Compression
2.8.1.2
Very Large Network Buffers
2.8.2
General
2.8.2.1
Asynchronous I/O Control for Direct NFS Client
2.8.2.2
Tracking I/O Outliers
2.8.3
Hardware Optimizations
2.8.3.1
Multi-Process Multi-Threaded Oracle
2.8.4
Improve Ease of Performance Out-of-the-Box
2.8.4.1
Ability to Specify NFS Version in Direct NFS Client
2.9
Security
2.9.1
Data Encryption, Hashing and Redaction
2.9.1.1
Oracle Data Redaction
2.9.1.2
Support for Secure Hash Algorithm SHA-2 in Oracle Database
2.9.2
Database Security Enhancements
2.9.2.1
Auditing Enabled By Default
2.9.2.2
Code-Based Security
2.9.2.3
Data Guard Support for Separation of Duty (SoD)
2.9.2.4
Enhanced Security of Audit Data
2.9.2.5
Increased Security When Using SELECT ANY DICTIONARY
2.9.2.6
Last Login Time Information
2.9.2.7
Oracle Database Vault Mandatory Realms
2.9.2.8
Oracle Label Security Metadata Export and Import
2.9.2.9
Password Complexity Check
2.9.2.10
Privilege Analysis
2.9.2.11
Resource Role Default Privileges
2.9.2.12
Separation of Duty for Audit Administration
2.9.2.13
Separation of Duty for Database Administration
2.9.2.14
SYSBACKUP Administration Privilege
2.9.3
Encryption Key Management Enhancements
2.9.3.1
Updated Key Management Framework
2.9.4
Improve Security Manageability, Administration and Integration
2.9.4.1
Oracle Database Vault Persistent Protections
2.9.4.2
Simplified Oracle Database Vault and Oracle Label Security Installation
2.9.4.3
Transparent Sensitive Data Protection
2.9.4.4
VPD Fine-Grained Context-Sensitive Policies
2.9.5
Protect the Database Server From Outside
2.9.5.1
Restricted Service Registration for Oracle RAC
2.9.6
Real Application Security
2.9.6.1
Real Application Security
2.9.7
Security Optimizations
2.9.7.1
Unified Context-Based Database Audit Architecture
2.10
Spatial and Graph
2.10.1
Oracle Spatial and Graph Enhancements
2.10.1.1
Vector Performance Acceleration
2.10.1.2
Spatial Routing Engine Enhancements
2.10.1.3
Spatial GeoRaster - Raster Algebra and Analytics
2.10.1.4
Spatial GeoRaster - Enhanced Image Processing
2.10.1.5
Spatial GeoRaster - Java API Enhancements
2.10.1.6
Spatial GeoRaster - New Metadata Content
2.10.2
Network Data Model and RDF Semantic Graph Enhancements
2.10.2.1
Network Data Model Graph - Feature Modeling and Analysis
2.10.2.2
Network Data Model Graph - Temporal Modeling and Analysis
2.10.2.3
RDF Views on Relational Tables
2.10.2.4
RDF Semantic Graph Named Graph Support
2.10.2.5
Support for Analytic Operations and Tools
2.10.2.6
RDF Semantic Graph Support for XML Schema, Text and Spatial Data Types
2.10.2.7
RDF Semantic Graph Document Indexing Enhancements
2.10.2.8
RDF Semantic Graph Support for W3C and OGC Standards, Open Source, and Third-Party Technologies
2.11
Unstructured Data
2.11.1
Oracle Multimedia Enhancements
2.11.1.1
DICOM Protocol Support for Oracle Database
2.11.1.2
Integrating Oracle Multimedia DICOM with Oracle WebCenter Content
2.11.1.3
Full Mode Database Import and Export for Oracle Multimedia
2.11.2
Oracle Text Enhancements
2.11.2.1
Near Real-Time Indexing
2.11.2.2
Automatic Management of Near Real-Time Indexes
2.11.2.3
BIG_IO Large TOKEN_INFO Option
2.11.2.4
Separate Offsets
2.11.2.5
Updatable SDATA Sections
2.11.2.6
Add SDATA Section to Existing Index
2.11.2.7
Ordering by SDATA Sections
2.11.2.8
Increased Number of Field Sections
2.11.2.9
Document-Level Lexer
2.11.2.10
Increased Number of MDATA Sections
2.11.2.11
Language Identification
2.11.2.12
BIGRAM Mode for the Japanese VGRAM Lexer
2.11.2.13
Mild Not (MNOT) Operator
2.11.2.14
Forward Index
2.11.2.15
NEAR Operator Enhancements
2.11.2.16
Pattern Stopclass
2.11.2.17
Session-Duration SQEs
2.11.2.18
Query Filter Cache
2.11.2.19
Snippet Support in Result Set Interface
2.11.3
Oracle XML Enhancements
2.11.3.1
Enhanced ANYDATA Support
2.11.3.2
Integrated Oracle XQuery Implementation
2.11.3.3
Oracle XDK/J DOM Improvements
2.11.3.4
Domain Index Support of Hash Partitioned Tables
2.11.3.5
Oracle XSLT or XPath Engine Interoperability
2.11.3.6
Programmatically Create and Manipulate Scalable DOM
2.11.3.7
Standalone XQuery Virtual Machine
2.11.3.8
Support XQuery Full-Text Specification
2.11.3.9
XDK/J Support for Fast Infoset
2.11.3.10
XmlDiff Support for XDK Java
2.11.3.11
Support for XQuery Update
2.11.4
Oracle XML Repository Enhancements
2.11.4.1
Enable Digest Authentication with Oracle Database HTTP Listener
2.11.4.2
WebDAV, HTTP, and FTP Access for DBFS
2.12
Upgrades
2.12.1
General
2.12.1.1
Enhanced Upgrade Automation
2.12.1.2
Parallel Upgrade
2.13
Windows
2.13.1
Windows Security Enhancements
2.13.1.1
Support for Oracle Home User on Windows
2.13.1.2
Support of Oracle Home User for Oracle Net Services
2.13.1.3
Named User Support for Oracle RAC Services on Windows
3
Oracle Database 12
c
Release 1 (12.1) Documentation
3.1
Documentation Titles and Online Documentation Structure
3.1.1
Data Mining Documentation
3.1.2
Gateways Documentation
3.1.3
Installation Documentation
3.1.4
Java Development Documentation
3.1.5
Linux x86 Documentation
3.1.6
Microsoft Windows Documentation
3.1.7
Oracle® Multimedia 12c Documentation
3.1.8
OLAP Documentation
3.1.9
Release Notes Documentation
3.1.10
Server Documentation
3.1.11
Spatial Documentation
3.1.12
TimesTen In-Memory Database Documentation
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