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Contents

Title and Copyright Information

Preface

• Audience
• Documentation Accessibility
• Related Documents
• Conventions

Changes in This Release for Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide

• Changes in Oracle Automatic Storage Management 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2)
  • New Features
• Changes in Oracle Automatic Storage Management 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.1)
  • New Features
  • Deprecated Features
  • Desupported Features
• Changes in Oracle ACFS and Oracle ADVM for Oracle ASM 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2)
  • New Features
• Changes in Oracle ACFS and Oracle ADVM for Oracle ASM 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.1)
  • New Features

Part I Introduction

1 Introducing Oracle Automatic Storage Management

• Overview of Oracle Automatic Storage Management
• About Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System
• Understanding Oracle ASM Concepts
  • About Oracle ASM Instances
  • About Oracle ASM Disk Groups
  • About Mirroring and Failure Groups
  • About Oracle ASM Disks
  • About Oracle ASM Allocation Units
  • About Oracle ASM Files
• Understanding Oracle ASM Disk Group Administration
  • About Discovering Disks
  • About Mounting and Dismounting Disk Groups
  • About Adding and Dropping Disks
  • About Online Storage Reconfigurations and Dynamic Rebalancing

2 Exploring Considerations for Oracle ASM Storage

• Storage Resources for Disk Groups
• Oracle ASM and Multipathing
• Recommendations for Storage Preparation
• Storage Device Path and Permission Persistence

Part II Oracle ASM Instances and Disk Groups

3 Administering Oracle ASM Instances

• Operating with Different Releases of Oracle ASM and Database Instances Simultaneously
• Initialization Parameters for Oracle ASM Instances
  • About Initialization Parameter Files for an Oracle ASM Instance
  • About Backing Up, Copying, and Moving an Oracle ASM Initialization Parameter File
  • About Oracle ASM Initialization Parameter Settings
  • About Automatic Memory Management for Oracle ASM
  • Recommended Settings for Oracle ASM Initialization Parameters
  • About Setting Database Initialization Parameters for Use with Oracle ASM
• Administration of Oracle ASM Instances
  • Managing Oracle Flex ASM
  • Using Oracle Restart
  • About Starting Up an Oracle ASM Instance
  • About Shutting Down an Oracle ASM Instance
  • About Administering Oracle ASM Instances with Server Control Utility
  • About Out of Place Upgrades
  • About Configuring Oracle Grid Infrastructure with the Configuration Wizard
  • About Active Session History Sampling for Oracle ASM
  • About Oracle Home User on Windows
• Upgrading and Patching Oracle ASM
  • About Oracle ASM Rolling Upgrade
  • About Oracle ASM Rolling Patches
  • About Converting to Oracle Flex ASM
• Oracle ASM Filter Driver
  • About Oracle ASM Filter Driver
  • Deciding Between Oracle ASMLIB and Oracle ASM Filter Driver
  • Configuring Oracle ASM Filter Driver
  • About Migrating to Oracle ASM Filter Driver From ASMLIB
  • Determining Whether Oracle ASM Filter Driver Has Been Configured
  • Updating the Oracle ASM Filter Driver AFD_DISKSTRING Parameter
  • Updating the Oracle ASM ASM_DISKSTRING Parameter for Oracle ASM Filter Driver Disks
  • Setting, Clearing, and Scanning Oracle ASM Filter Driver Labels
  • Deconfiguring Oracle ASM Filter Driver
• Authentication for Accessing Oracle ASM Instances
  • About Privileges for Oracle ASM
  • Creating Users with the SYSASM Privilege
  • Operating System Authentication for Oracle ASM
  • Password File Authentication for Oracle ASM
  • Managing a Shared Password File in a Disk Group
• Migration of a Database to Use Oracle ASM
  • About Using Oracle Recovery Manager to Migrate Databases to Oracle ASM
  • Best Practices White Papers on Migrating to Oracle ASM

4 Administering Oracle ASM Disk Groups

• Managing Disk Group Attributes
  • About Viewing and Setting Disk Group Attributes
  • Summary of Disk Group Attributes
• Creating Disk Groups
  • Using the CREATE DISKGROUP SQL Statement
  • Creating Disk Groups for Data and Fast Recovery Area
  • Creating Disk Groups for a New Oracle Installation
  • Specifying the Sector Size for Drives
  • Storing Oracle Cluster Registry and Voting Files in Oracle ASM Disk Groups
• Altering Disk Groups
  • Managing Oracle ADVM Volumes in a Disk Group
  • Adding Disks to a Disk Group
  • Using the ALTER DISKGROUP SQL Statement to Add Disks to a Disk Group
  • Replacing Disks in Disk Groups
  • Renaming Disks in Disk Groups
  • Dropping Disks from Disk Groups
  • Intelligent Data Placement
  • Resizing Disks in Disk Groups
  • Undropping Disks in Disk Groups
  • Manually Rebalancing Disk Groups
  • Tuning Rebalance Operations
  • Scrubbing Disk Groups
• Oracle ASM Disk Discovery
  • How A Disk is Discovered
  • Disk Discovery Rules
  • Improving Disk Discovery Time
• Managing Capacity in Disk Groups
  • Negative Values of USABLE_FILE_MB
• Oracle ASM Mirroring and Disk Group Redundancy
  • Mirroring, Redundancy, and Failure Group Options
  • Oracle ASM Recovery from Read and Write I/O Errors
  • Oracle ASM Fast Mirror Resync
  • Even Read for Disk Groups
  • Preferred Read Failure Groups
• Performance and Scalability Considerations for Disk Groups
  • Determining the Number of Disk Groups
  • Performance Characteristics When Grouping Disks
  • Oracle ASM Storage Limits
• Disk Group Compatibility
  • Overview of Disk Group Compatibility
  • Disk Group Compatibility Attributes
  • Setting Disk Group Compatibility Attributes
  • Features Enabled By Disk Group Compatibility Attribute Settings
  • Considerations When Setting Disk Group Compatibility in Replicated Environments
• Managing Oracle ASM File Access Control for Disk Groups
  • About Oracle ASM File Access Control
  • Setting Disk Group Attributes for Oracle ASM File Access Control
  • Using SQL Statements to Manage Oracle ASM File Access Control
• Maintaining Disk Groups
  • Mounting and Dismounting Disk Groups
  • Mounting Disk Groups Using the FORCE Option
  • Checking the Internal Consistency of Disk Group Metadata
  • Dropping Disk Groups
  • Renaming Disks Groups

5 Administering Oracle ASM Files, Directories, and Templates

• What Types of Files Does Oracle ASM Support?
• About Oracle ASM File Names
  • Single File Creation Form
  • Multiple File Creation Form
  • Fully Qualified File Name Form
  • Alias Oracle ASM File Name Forms
  • Creating a Tablespace in Oracle ASM: Using a Data File with an Alias Name
  • Alias Oracle ASM File Name with Template Form
  • Incomplete Oracle ASM File Name Form
  • Incomplete Oracle ASM File Name with Template Form
• Creating and Referencing Oracle ASM Files in the Database
  • Creating Oracle ASM Files Using a Default File Location for Disk Group Specification
  • Using Oracle ASM File Names in SQL Statements
  • Moving Data Files Between Disk Groups With ALTER DATABASE
  • Oracle Database File Mapping for Oracle ASM Files
• Managing Alias Names for Oracle ASM File Names
  • Adding an Alias Name for an Oracle ASM File Name
  • Renaming an Alias Name for an Oracle ASM File Name
  • Dropping an Alias Name for an Oracle ASM File Name
  • Dropping Files and Associated Aliases from a Disk Group
• Managing Disk Group Directories
  • Creating a Directory
  • Renaming a Directory
  • Dropping a Directory
• Accessing Oracle ASM Files with the XML DB Virtual Folder
  • Inside /sys/asm
• Using DBMS_FILE Transfer Utility for Oracle ASM
• Managing Disk Group Templates
  • Template Attributes
  • Adding Templates to a Disk Group
  • Modifying a Disk Group Template
  • Dropping Templates from a Disk Group
  • Creating Tablespaces in Oracle ASM: Specifying Attributes with Templates

6 Using Views to Display Oracle ASM Information

• Views Containing Oracle ASM Disk Group Information
• Viewing Oracle ASM File Access Control Information
• Viewing Disk Region Information

7 Administering Oracle ASM with Oracle Enterprise Manager

• Accessing the Oracle Automatic Storage Management Home Page
• Configuring Oracle ASM Initialization Parameters with Oracle Enterprise Manager
• Managing Oracle ASM Users with Oracle Enterprise Manager
• Managing Disk Groups with Oracle Enterprise Manager
  • Creating Disk Groups
  • Adding Disks to Disk Groups
  • Bringing Disks Online and Offline
  • Dropping Disks from Disk Groups
  • Dropping Disk Groups
  • Monitoring Disk Group Usage
  • Mounting and Dismounting Disk Groups
  • Administering Advanced Disk Group Properties
  • Specifying a Power Limit For Disk Online
  • Replacing An Existing Disk With a New Disk
  • Setting and Modifying Content Type for the Disk Group
  • Setting and Modifying the Failure Group Repair Time
  • Running Rebalance on Multiple Disk Groups
  • Viewing Rebalance Process Related Data
  • Setting and Modifying the Thin Provisioned Disk Group Attribute
  • Running the On Demand Scrubbing Process
  • Determining Whether Scrubbing Process Is Running
• Managing Oracle ASM File Access Control with Oracle Enterprise Manager
• Managing Directories, Files, and Aliases with Oracle Enterprise Manager
• Managing Disk Group Templates with Oracle Enterprise Manager
• Managing Oracle ASM Filter Driver With Oracle Enterprise Manager
  • Discovering ASM Filter Driver Disks
  • Provisioning ASM Filter Driver Disks
  • Releasing ASM Filter Driver Disks
• Monitoring Oracle ASM Performance With Oracle Enterprise Manager
  • Monitoring General Oracle ASM Performance
  • Checking Disk Group Integrity
• Backing Up Oracle ASM Files with Oracle Enterprise Manager
• Performing Bad Block Recovery with Oracle Enterprise Manager
• Migrating to Oracle ASM with Oracle Enterprise Manager
• Monitoring Alerts and Incidents With Oracle ASM Support Workbench
• Monitoring Oracle Flex ASM

8 Performing Oracle ASM Data Migration with RMAN

• Overview of Oracle ASM Data Migration
  • Purpose of Oracle ASM Data Migration
  • Basic Concepts of Oracle ASM Data Migration
  • Basic Steps of Data Migration to Oracle ASM Using RMAN
• Preparing to Migrate the Database to Oracle ASM Using RMAN
• Migrating the Database to Oracle ASM Using RMAN
• Migrating a Database from Oracle ASM to Alternative Storage
• Moving Data Files Between Oracle ASM Disk Groups Using RMAN

9 Managing Oracle ASM With ASMCA

• Getting Started With the ASMCA GUI Tool
• Managing Instances and Disk Groups With ASMCA
  • Creating Oracle ASM Instances with ASMCA
  • Upgrading an Oracle ASM Instance with ASMCA
  • Managing Disk Groups with ASMCA
• ASMCA Command-Line Interface
  • Running ASMCA Command-Line
  • ASMCA Commands for Instances and Disk Groups

10 Managing Oracle ASM with ASMCMD

• About ASMCMD
  • Types of ASMCMD Commands
  • About Oracle ASM Files, File Names, Directories, and Aliases
  • Preparing to Run ASMCMD
  • Running ASMCMD in Interactive Mode
  • Running ASMCMD in Noninteractive Mode
  • Getting Help
• ASMCMD Instance Management Commands
  • dsget
  • dsset
  • lsct
  • lsop
  • lspwusr
  • orapwusr
  • pwcopy
  • pwcreate
  • pwdelete
  • pwget
  • pwmove
  • pwset
  • showclustermode
  • showclusterstate
  • showpatches
  • showversion
  • shutdown
  • spbackup
  • spcopy
  • spget
  • spmove
  • spset
  • startup
• ASMCMD Oracle ASM Filter Driver Management Commands
  • afd_configure
  • afd_deconfigure
  • afd_dsget
  • afd_dsset
  • afd_filter
  • afd_label
  • afd_lsdsk
  • afd_scan
  • afd_state
  • afd_unlabel
• ASMCMD File Management Commands
  • amdu_extract
  • cd
  • cp
  • du
  • find
  • ls
  • lsof
  • mkalias
  • mkdir
  • pwd
  • rm
  • rmalias
• ASMCMD Disk Group Management Commands
  • chdg
  • chkdg
  • dropdg
  • iostat
  • lsattr
  • lsdg
  • lsdsk
  • lsod
  • md_backup
  • md_restore
  • mkdg
  • mount
  • offline
  • online
  • rebal
  • remap
  • setattr
  • umount
• ASMCMD Template Management Commands
  • chtmpl
  • lstmpl
  • mktmpl
  • rmtmpl
• ASMCMD File Access Control Commands
  • chgrp
  • chmod
  • chown
  • groups
  • grpmod
  • lsgrp
  • lsusr
  • mkgrp
  • mkusr
  • passwd
  • rmgrp
  • rmusr
  • rpusr

Part III Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System

11 Introducing Oracle ACFS and Oracle ADVM

• Overview of Oracle ACFS
• Understanding Oracle ACFS Concepts
  • About Oracle ACFS
  • About the Oracle ACFS Mount Model and Namespace
  • About Oracle ACFS and Database Data Files
  • About Oracle ACFS and Oracle Database Homes
  • About Oracle ASM Dynamic Volume Manager
  • About the Oracle ACFS Driver Model
  • About the Oracle ACFS Mount Registry
  • About Oracle ACFS Snapshots
  • About Oracle ACFS and Backup and Restore
  • About Oracle ACFS Integration with Oracle ASM
  • About Oracle ACFS and External Tables on Windows
• Understanding Oracle ACFS Administration
  • Oracle ACFS and File Access and Administration Security
  • Oracle ACFS and Grid Infrastructure Installation
  • Oracle ACFS Configuration
  • Oracle Clusterware Resources and Oracle ACFS Administration
  • Oracle ACFS and Dismount or Shutdown Operations
  • Oracle ACFS Security
  • Oracle ACFS Encryption
  • Oracle ACFS Auditing
  • Oracle ACFS Replication
  • Oracle ACFS Tagging
  • Using Replication with Auditing, Encryption, and Security
  • Oracle ACFS Plugins
  • High Availability Network File Storage for Oracle Grid Infrastructure
• Overview of Oracle ASM Dynamic Volume Manager

12 Using Views to Display Oracle ACFS Information

• Views Containing Oracle ACFS Information
• Oracle ACFS Support for Oracle Database File Mapping Views

13 Administering Oracle ACFS with Oracle Enterprise Manager

• Managing Oracle ACFS File Systems and Volumes with Oracle Enterprise Manager
  • Creating Oracle ACFS File Systems and Volumes
  • Viewing and Modifying Oracle ACFS Volumes and File Systems
• Managing Oracle ACFS Snapshots with Oracle Enterprise Manager
  • Creating, Modifying, and Viewing Snapshots
  • Converting Snapshots Between Read-Only and Read-Write
  • Creating Child Snapshots from Existing Snapshots
• Managing Security Features with Oracle Enterprise Manager
  • Initializing Oracle ACFS Security
  • Preparing an Oracle ACFS For Security
  • Undoing Oracle ACFS Security
  • Enabling Security on Oracle ACFS
  • Disabling Security on Oracle ACFS
  • Viewing Security Status
  • Adding an Oracle ACFS Security Administrator
  • Changing an Oracle ACFS Security Administrator Password
  • Deleting an Oracle ACFS Security Administrator
  • Viewing Oracle ACFS Security Administrators
  • Creating a Rule
  • Cloning a Rule
  • Editing a Rule
  • Deleting a Rule
  • Searching For and Viewing Rules
  • Creating a Ruleset
  • Cloning a Ruleset
  • Editing a Ruleset
  • Deleting a Ruleset
  • Searching For and Viewing Rulesets
  • Creating a Realm
  • Cloning a Realm
  • Adding Objects to a Realm
  • Deleting Objects from a Realm
  • Deleting a Realm
  • Viewing Realms
• Managing Encryption Features with Oracle Enterprise Manager
  • Initializing Oracle ACFS Encryption
  • Enabling, Disabling, and Setting Parameters for Encryption On an Oracle ACFS
  • Viewing Encryption Status
• Managing Tagging Features with Oracle Enterprise Manager
  • Adding a Tag in Oracle ACFS
  • Removing a Tag in Oracle ACFS
  • Searching for Tags in Oracle ACFS

14 Managing Oracle ACFS and Oracle ADVM With ASMCA

• ASMCA GUI Tool for Managing Oracle ACFS and Oracle ADVM
  • Managing Oracle ADVM Volumes with ASMCA
  • Managing Oracle ACFS File Systems with ASMCA
  • Managing Security and Encryption for Oracle ACFS with ASMCA
  • Creating an Oracle ACFS File System for Database Use
• ASMCA Command-Line Interface for Managing Oracle ACFS and Oracle ADVM
  • ASMCA Commands for Oracle ACFS and Oracle ADVM

15 Managing Oracle ADVM with ASMCMD

• ASMCMD Volume Management Commands
  • volcreate
  • voldelete
  • voldisable
  • volenable
  • volinfo
  • volresize
  • volset
  • volstat

16 Managing Oracle ACFS with Command-Line Tools

• Basic Steps to Manage Oracle ACFS Systems
  • Creating an Oracle ACFS File System
  • Accessing an Oracle ACFS File System on a Different Node in the Cluster
  • Managing Oracle ACFS Snapshots
  • Securing Oracle ACFS File Systems
  • Encrypting Oracle ACFS File Systems
  • Tagging Oracle ACFS File Systems
  • Replicating Oracle ACFS File Systems
  • Deregistering, Dismounting, and Disabling Volumes and Oracle ACFS File Systems
  • Removing an Oracle ACFS File System and a Volume
• Oracle ACFS Command-line Tools for Linux Environments
  • fsck
  • mkfs
  • mount
  • umount
• Oracle ACFS Command-line Tools for the Solaris Environment
  • fsck
  • mkfs
  • mount
  • umount/umountall
• Oracle ACFS Command-line Tools for the AIX Environment
  • fsck
  • mkfs
  • mount
  • umount/umountall
• Oracle ACFS Command-line Tools for Windows Environments
  • acfschkdsk
  • acfsdismount
  • acfsformat
  • acfsmountvol
  • acfsutil detach
  • advmutil dismount
  • advmutil list
  • advmutil mount
• Oracle ACFS Command-Line Tools for Tagging
  • acfsutil tag info
  • acfsutil tag set
  • acfsutil tag unset
• Oracle ACFS Command-Line Tools for Replication
  • acfsutil repl bg
  • acfsutil repl compare
  • acfsutil repl info
  • acfsutil repl init
  • acfsutil repl pause
  • acfsutil repl resume
  • acfsutil repl sync
  • acfsutil repl terminate
  • acfsutil repl trace
  • acfsutil repl update
• Oracle ACFS Command-Line Tools for Auditing
  • acfsutil audit archive
  • acfsutil audit disable
  • acfsutil audit enable
  • acfsutil audit info
  • acfsutil audit init
  • acfsutil audit purge
  • acfsutil audit read
• Oracle ACFS Command-Line Tools for Security
  • acfsutil sec admin add
  • acfsutil sec admin password
  • acfsutil sec admin remove
  • acfsutil sec batch
  • acfsutil sec disable
  • acfsutil sec enable
  • acfsutil sec info
  • acfsutil sec info file
  • acfsutil sec init
  • acfsutil sec load
  • acfsutil sec prepare
  • acfsutil sec realm add
  • acfsutil sec realm audit disable
  • acfsutil sec realm audit enable
  • acfsutil sec realm audit info
  • acfsutil sec realm clone
  • acfsutil sec realm create
  • acfsutil sec realm delete
  • acfsutil sec realm destroy
  • acfsutil sec rule clone
  • acfsutil sec rule create
  • acfsutil sec rule destroy
  • acfsutil sec rule edit
  • acfsutil sec ruleset clone
  • acfsutil sec ruleset create
  • acfsutil sec ruleset destroy
  • acfsutil sec ruleset edit
  • acfsutil sec save
• Oracle ACFS Command-Line Tools for Encryption
  • acfsutil encr info
  • acfsutil encr init
  • acfsutil encr off
  • acfsutil encr on
  • acfsutil encr rekey
  • acfsutil encr set
  • acfsutil keystore migrate
• Oracle ACFS Command-Line Utilities
  • acfsdbg
  • acfsutil info file
  • acfsutil info fs
  • acfsutil info id
  • acfsutil plugin disable
  • acfsutil plugin enable
  • acfsutil plugin info
  • acfsutil registry
  • acfsutil rmfs
  • acfsutil size
  • acfsutil snap convert
  • acfsutil snap create
  • acfsutil snap delete
  • acfsutil snap info
  • acfsutil tune
  • advmutil canonical
  • advmutil tune
  • advmutil volinfo

Part IV Additional Information

17 Creating Database Files in Oracle ASM Using SQL*Plus

• Creating a Database that Uses Oracle ASM
• Creating Tablespaces in Oracle ASM
• Creating Redo Logs in Oracle ASM
• Creating Control Files in Oracle ASM
  • Creating Control Files in Oracle ASM: Example 1
  • Creating Control Files in Oracle ASM: Example 2
• Creating Archive Log Files in Oracle ASM

18 Understanding Oracle ACFS Advanced Topics

• Limits of Oracle ACFS
  • Oracle ACFS Disk Space Usage
  • Oracle ACFS Error Handling
  • Oracle ACFS and NFS
• Limits of Oracle ADVM
• Oracle ACFS Drivers Resource Management
• Oracle ACFS Registry Resource Management
• Oracle ACFS File System Resource Management
• Oracle ACFS and Oracle Restart
• Oracle ACFS Driver Commands
  • acfsload
  • acfsdriverstate
• Oracle ACFS Plug-in Generic Application Programming Interface
  • Oracle ACFS Pre-defined Metric Types
  • acfsplugin
• Oracle ACFS Tagging Generic Application Programming Interface
  • Oracle ACFS Tag Name Specifications
  • Oracle ACFS Tagging Error Values
  • acfsgettag
  • acfslisttags
  • acfsremovetag
  • acfssettag
• Understanding Oracle ACFS I/O Failure Console Messages

Glossary

Index